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the CoVid-19 pandemic drastically changed different aspects of the daily lives of millions of people, generating an increase in the use of the internet for maintaining social contact, teleworking or online studies. this study explores the extent to which the internet connection pattern changed during the CoVid-19 confinement in a sample of adults from four latin american countries, considering gender and age. a descriptive study was carried out, including a non-probabilistic convenience sample design. the final sample was comprised of 1488 participants. this analysis shows that internet habits changed in terms of frequency, duration, and time of use. We observe differences when it comes to gender and age. in women, the increases in use are greater for the different variables analyzed, especially for the frequency of connection at night. in terms of age, the younger the age, the greater the increase in internet connection time throughout the day and connection time at night. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) la pandemia de CoVid-19 cambio drasticamente diferentes aspectos de la vida cotidiana de millones de personas, generando un incremento del uso de internet para el mantenimiento del contacto social, el teletrabajo o los estudios online. en este articulo se evalua en que medida presento cambios el patron de conexion a internet durante el confinamiento por CoVid-19 en una muestra de adultos de cuatro paises de america latina, considerando el sexo y la edad. se propuso un estudio descriptivo, con diseno no probabilistico de muestreo por conveniencia. la muestra final quedo compuesta por 1488 participantes. el analisis muestra que los habitos de conexion a internet se modificaron en terminos de frecuencia, duracion y horarios, observandose diferencias en funcion del sexo y la edad. en mujeres son mayores los incrementos de uso para las distintas variables analizadas, especialmente para la frecuencia de conexion nocturna. en cuanto a la edad, a menor edad se observa un mayor aumento del tiempo de conexion a internet a lo largo del dia y de conexion en horario nocturno. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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The Covid-19 pandemic forced the world population to incorporate prevention activities into their daily lives to preserve people's physical health. In Colombia, the national government, through resolutions and decrees, regulated quarantine and preventive isolation in order not to saturate health services and intensive care units, which were not prepared to respond to the disease. In this sense, this article analyzed the habits of physical activity, well-being, and quality of life in preventive isolation - Covid-19 in Bogota, Colombia. A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was conducted on a sample of 1,775 people with an average age of 43.5+or-25.5 years, of which 50.9% (n=903) corresponded to women and 49.1% (n=872) to men. It was found that due to the confinement the consumption of coffee and alcoholic beverages increased, as well as a decrease in physical activity. In addition, manifestations of anxiety, depression and feelings of loneliness were identified, which directly affected people's well-being and quality of life. It is expected that this type of research will contribute to the understanding of the impact of the contingency measures taken by the different nations to curb Covid-19 infections on people's health.
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Most countries in the world closed their educational centers and maintained classes online to prevent the spread of the virus SARSV-Cov-2. Latin America is not an exception. Estimates of the transmission dynamics of the pandemic indicate the application of actions that will affect educational contexts for years. This piece reflects on necessary changes in educational policies to take account of the current setting of COVID-19. We focus this reflection from a Latino American perspective, but it is not exclusive. The discussion can be useful to other countries with similar characteristics. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Latinos & Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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The purpose of the present study is to know the impacts of Covid19 on the structures of governmental institutions in Latin America and the effects on Human Rights in terms of health and education, for example. For the analysis, we consider some elements such as the functioning of political parties, the arbitrariness of power, fiscal transparency and public spending, allowing us to take a picture of the reality to be studied regarding the quality of democracy in these countries, and also considering the cooperation efforts, in the normative and institutional scopes inside and out. As we seek to relate Human Rights and Democracy, we focus on the ethical dimension of the new challenges facing Latin America. The exposition, sometimes detailed, of situations that illustrate the malfunctioning of institutions came from observation and review of a diverse literature, and from different perspectives specifically in the scope of International Relations. © 2022, UNIV CARLOSIII MADRID. All rights reserved.
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The use of plastics in the world is increasing, but their proper final arrangement is limited. Peru made regulatory efforts to reduce its use;however, they are isolated activities that have not represented a significant change in their management. This study allows to identify the presence of microplastic on one of the busiest beaches of the city of Lima Metropolitana, during the emergency period caused by the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. To achieve the objectives of the research, it has been sampled in high tide and supra-coastal areas, applying the methodology proposed in the Ministry of the Environment's Soil Sampling Guide. This study shows the presence of microplastics, with an abundance of 43 pieces per m2, and found that the predominance of the type of microplastic found is of secondary origin (polystyrene and polypropylene);however, 20.9% correspond to primary microplastics (pellets) whose source could not be determined. Finally, it is indicated that despite restrictions on the state of emergency the number of microplastics per m2 in Agua Dulce Beach between 2019 (40 pieces) and 2020 (43 pieces) increased by 7.5%.
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The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on medical care and medical education in Peru. In response, the Peruvian American Medical Society (PAMS), a charitable medical organization based in the USA, pursued its medical and educational missions in Peru by adopting virtual learning technology. We developed closer collaborative relationships with several medical schools and the Peruvian Association of Medical Schools (ASPEFAM) while offering a faculty panel of twenty-four members to provide lectures and multidisciplinary webinars in Spanish. We conducted 19 webinars including COVID -19 and non-COVID-19 related topics that over the last two years attracted 14,489 participants from 23 countries. They were the foundation for twenty publications in Peruvian medical journals. Our clinical investigations competition was positively received as was our pilot project on research mentorship. The COVID -19 pandemic had a positive effect on the educational mission of PAMS in Peru.
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With the changes in consumer profile, especially in tourism activity, facing the issues brought by globalization, greater access to and use of Technologies, and more recently, the restrictions imposed by the protocols to prevent contamination by the Covid-19 virus and its consequences, it has been necessary to change the way of experiencing tourism, leading the market to adapt to the new reality. Thus, the incentive to implement so-called Proximity Tourism has gathered strength, prompting the following research question: how has this type of tourism been addressed and how have the cities of the Brazilian Northeast have been working with this theme to promote their potential on the social network platform Instagram? The main objective of this study was to perform an observational analysis of what is being posted on this social network concerning proximity tourism, by investigating the use of the hashtag #turismodeproximity, and whether the cities of the Northeast of Brazil are using this Instagram tool. As the result of this research, it was found that of the total posts indexed with this hashtag, only a small number are directly related to this region, indicating a lack of dissemination, and consequently, failure to generate greater visibility for this tourism modality.
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Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of Ivermectin and Atazanavir compared to placebo in the time to resolution of symptoms and duration of illness due to COVID-19. Method: observational, prospective, longitudinal, descriptive and analytical cohort study with symptomatic outpatients, followed for 06 months in two Basic Health Units for COVID-19 care in Teresina-Piaui, Brazil, from November to April 2021 identified by 1:1:1 random sampling. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were performed for laboratory confirmation of suspected infection with the new coronavirus and sociodemographic and clinical evaluation. Results: of the 87 randomized patients, 62.1% (n=54) were male, with a mean age of 35.1 years, had a partner (53.9%), low income (50.6%), eutrophic (40.7%) and without health comorbidities (78.2%). There was no difference between the median time to resolution of symptoms, which was 21 days (IQR, 8-30) in the atazanavir group, 30 days (IQR, 5-90) in the ivermectin group compared with 14 days (IQR, 9-21) in the control group. At day 180, there was resolution of symptoms in 100% in the placebo group, 93.9% in the atazanavir group, and 95% in the ivermectin group. The median duration of illness was 8 days in all study arms. Conclusion: Treatment with atazanavir (6 days) and ivermectin (3 days) did not reduce the time to symptom resolution or the duration of illness among outpatients with mild COVID-19 compared to the placebo group. The results do not support the use of ivermectin and atazanavir for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19.
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The pandemic scenario caused by Covid-19 generated negative impacts. Covid-19 has made it clear that our daily lives depend to a high degree on access to energy. Therefore, now more than ever, it is necessary to promote new activities such as local food production, but also local energy capture. This article is an attempt to expose and quantify the benefits of a renewable energy transition in Ecuador post Covid-19 and post-oil. The generation, consumption, and reserves of oil in Ecuador were characterized, and the concept of energy transition was applied to evaluate the possibilities of integration of renewables, the progressive exit of thermal power plants, and future energy strategies. The year 2015 was taken as a basis and it was determined that energy use was 154.0 TWh / year, which corresponds to an end-user of approximately 147 TWh / year. The objective was to reduce this end-use demand to 80.0 TWh/year by 2055 through the integration of renewables and energy efficiency, for which 5 transition phases were planned until a 100% renewable system was obtained. It is concluded that the energy transition in Ecuador is technically possible and economically viable, without giving up the energy well-being that we currently enjoy. However, results show that even 100% renewable is not enough to face climate change.
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Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma investigação em desenvolvimento por pesquisadores de universidades brasileiras, argentinas e uruguaias. Os programas de transferência de renda são vistos como medidas sociais para mitigar a pobreza, bem como para diminuir o aumento do desemprego, do trabalho informal e do desperdício de renda. A metodologia de pesquisa foram estudos bibliográficos e documentais;dados secundários;acesso a sites e dados da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe. A discussão enfoca concepções, modalidades e o debate sobre Programas Focalizados de Transferência de Renda e Renda Básica Universal como referência para discutir a realidade dos programas de transferência de renda na América Latina e Caribe. Os resultados apontaram para a ampliação dos programas focalizados de transferência de renda;criação de programas emergenciais para atender as consequências econômicas e sociais geradas pela pandemia de Covid-19, mas não foi identificada a implementação da Renda Básica Universal e Incondicional.Alternate :Este artículo presenta resultados parciales de una investigación en desarrollo por investigadores de universidades brasileñas, argentinas y uruguayas. Los programas de transferencias monetarias son vistos como medidas sociales para mitigar la pobreza, así como para disminuir el aumento del desempleo, el trabajo informal y el desperdicio de ingresos. La metodología de investigación fueron estudios bibliográficos y documentales;Datos secundarios;acceso a sitios web y datos de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. La discusión se centra en las concepciones, modalidades y el debate sobre los Programas de Transferencias Monetarias Focalizadas y la Renta Básica Universal como referencia para discutir la realidad de los programas de transferencias monetarias en América Latina y el Caribe. Los resultados señalaron la ampliación de los programas de transferencias monetarias focalizadas;creación de programas de emergencia para atender las consecuencias económicas y sociales generadas por la pandemia del Covid-19, pero no se identificó la implementación de la Renta Básica Universal e Incondicional.Alternate :This article presents partial results of an investigation under development by researchers at Brazilian, Argentine and Uruguayan Universities. The cash transfer programs are seen as social measures to mitigate poverty, as well as to decrease the rise of unemployment, informal work and waste of income. The research methodology were bibliographic and documental studies;secondary data;access to websites and data from the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. The discuss focus on conceptions, modalities and the debate on Focalized Cash Transfer Programs and Universal Basic Income as reference to discuss the reality of cash transfer programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. The outcomes pointed out the enlargement of the focalized cash transfer programs;creation of emergence programs to meet the economic and social consequences generated by the Covid-19 pandemic, but it was not identified the implementation of the Universal and Unconditional Basic Income.
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Introduction:Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is a ventilatory alternative for COVID-19 cases. Background:To describe the characteristics and evolution of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in patients discharged from Provisional Center for moderate COVID-19 patients in Figali, Panama. Methods:A descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal stu was carried out in all adult patients discharged from June to July 2021 and who received non-invasive mechanical ventilation. A questionnaire was used using the digital individual medical record as primary source. Descriptive statistics techniques were used. Results:35.9% of the patients (78/217) who were admitted required non-invasive mechanical ventilation on the ninth day of symptoms and the second day after admission. 62.8% (49/78) were obese and 29.5% (23/78) hypertensive. The respiratory rate 30 and the decrease in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio decided the begining of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in 56.4% (78/217) of those admitted. 62.8% (49/78) had moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the severity was related to ventilation failure out of the total number of ventilated patients. Ventilation was successful in 65.4% (51/78). PaO2/FiO2 <150 (62.9%), respiratory rate 30 (55.6%) and physical exhaustion (51.85%) decided ventilation failure. Conclusions:Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is an effective procedure in COVID-19 patients and moderate or severe respiratory distress;although its success is related to the less severe forms. Low PaO2/FiO2, together with symptoms, were key indicators to assess the begining, success or failure of NIMV;not so the values of PaO2, PaCO2 and SpO2.
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Os desafios enfrentados por pacientes e suas famílias para terem acesso a cuidados médicos referentes a condições de saúde crônicas fazem com que os profissionais de saúde responsáveis por seu atendimento médico se sintam, com elevada frequência, impotentes. Às vezes convém atribuir a reponsabilidade por esses desafios a um ou mais grupos específicos, tais como os formuladores de políticas ou o sistema de seguro-saúde. No entanto, as verdadeiras razões desses desafios são bem mais complexas, existindo múltiplos fatores presentes, com interrelação. Torna-se necessário realizar uma análise sistêmica mais ampla, bem como ter uma visão mais abrangente, de forma a integrar o contexto sociocultural, focando particularmente as populações vulneráveis e aquelas precariamente atendidas, incluindo-se os adultos mais idosos, a população de áreas densamente povoadas e os indivíduos com status socioeconômico de nível inferior, assim como os migrantes e as minorias1. Neste contexto, a equidade e a justiça social constituem fundamentos aplicáveis essencialmente em um estado de utopia, mas estes fundamentos são indispensáveis à implementação de mudanças futuras.A justiça social constitui um apelo bastante significativo como conceito, a ser plenamente reconhecido em todas as profissões relacionadas aos cuidados de saúde2. O conceito afirma que todos devem, independentemente das circunstâncias legais, políticas, econômicas ou outras3, ter acesso igual à riqueza, ao bem-estar, aos privilégios e às oportunidades, bem como à saúde. Além disso, esse conceito é dirigido para dimensões que vão além dos princípios do direito civil ou penal e transcendem, entre os indivíduos e a sociedade, a relação cujo propósito é ter e manter uma vida gratificante. Portanto, a justiça social é de aplicação universal, devendo ser relacionada a propósitos sociais em todas as regiões do mundo.Como região, a América Latina tem muitos países e com numerosos pontos em comum. Antes da pandemia do coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19), existiam desafios significativos com relação à saúde na América Latina, incluindo a escassez de medicamentos, a falta de acesso a alimentos saudáveis ou a cuidados primários, seja para migrantes ou pessoas desabrigadas. De acordo com o Índice de GINI, a América Latina é a região mais injusta do planeta, com 185 milhões de pessoas auferindo uma renda abaixo do limiar de pobreza, o equivalente a 66 milhões de indivíduos em estado de pobreza extrema4. Para superar essas deficiências, as comunidades precariamente atendidas se apoiam mutuamente, trabalhando em projetos locais, bancos de alimentos e organizações religiosas, mas desafios significativos continuam existindo.A abordagem atual, com respeito aos cuidados de saúde para indivíduos fragilmente representados e que vivem em comunidades mal atendidas, não é mais sustentável. O caminho a adotar deve incluir como base a medicina para uma vida saudável (HLM, na sigla em inglês), promovendo em sua essência atividades físicas, boa alimentação, ter um peso corporal mediano e abster-se de fumar. Em nível sistêmico, essa mudança cultural diz respeito ao estabelecimento de políticas e práticas.Apromessa ou possibilidade de ter uma existência gratificante encontra-se aqui, na América Latina. Essa abordagem precisa abraçar o conceito de justiça social para que todos tenham oportunidades semelhantes com relação a ter um estilo de vida saudável, minimizando-se os efeitos deletérios das doenças crônicas.Alternate :The challenges that patients and their families experience to access care for chronic health conditions often make the health professionals responsible for their care feel powerless. At times, it may be convenient to lay the blame for these challenges on a singular group, such as policymakers or the health insurance system. However, the true reasons such challenges exist are much more complex, multifactorial, and interrelated. A broader systemic analysis and broader visio is needed to integrate the sociocultural context and place a particular focus on vulnerable, underserved populations, including older adults, people living in densely populated areas, people with lower socioeconomic status, migrants, and minorities11 Shadmi E, Chen Y, Dourado I, Faran-Perach I, Furler J, Hangoma P, Hanvoravongchai P, Obando C, Petrosyan V, Rao KD, Ruano AL, Shi L, de Souza LE, Spitzer-Shohat S, Sturgiss E, Suphanchaimat R, Uribe MV, Willems S. Health equity and COVID-19: global perspectives. Int J Equity Health 2020;19(1):104.. In this context, equity and social justice are constructs that may only feasible in a Utopia but are essential to effect change moving forward.Social justice as a concept is quite appealing and should be fully embraced by all health care professions22 Arena R, Laddu D, Severin R, Hall G, Bond S, HL-PIVOT Network. Healthy living and social justice: addressing the current syndemic in underserved communities. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2021;41(3):E5-E6.. The concept professes that all people should have equal access to wealth, well-being, privilege, opportunity, and health regardless of legal, political, economic, or other circumstances33 Braveman PA, Kumanyika S, Fielding J, Laveist T, Borrell LN., Manderscheid R, Troutman A. Health disparities and health equity: the issue is justice. Am J Public Health 2011, 101(Suppl. 1):S149-S155.. Moreover, this concept focuses on dimensions beyond civil or criminal law principles and the relationship between individuals and society to lead fulfilling lives. Therefore, social justice is relatable and universal for all regions in the world.Latin America as a region hosts many countries that share numerous commonalities. Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there were significant health related challenges in Latin America, including prescription drug shortages, lack of access to healthy food or primary care for migrants, and homelessness. According to the GINI Index, Latin America is the most inequitable region globally;185 million people's income is below the poverty threshold, of whom 66 million live in extreme poverty44 Garcia PJ, Alarcón A, Bayer A, Buss P, Guerra G, Ribeiro H, Rojas K, Saenz R, Salgado de Snyder N, Solimano G, Torres R, Tobar S, Tuesca R, Vargas G, Atun R. COVID-19 response in Latin America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020;103(5): 1765.. While these underserved communities support each other to supplement these shortcomings by working with local movements, food banks, and religious organizations, significant challenges remain. The current approach to health care in underrepresented individuals who live in underserved communities is no longer sustainable. The way forward must include healthy living medicine (HLM) as a foundation, at its core promoting physical activity, good nutrition, average body weight, and not smoking. On a systemic level, this cultural change refers to the establishment of policies and practices. The promise or possibility of being is here in Latin America. This approach needs to embrace the concept of social justice so that all individuals in the population have similar opportunities to embrace a healthy lifestyle and minimize the deleterious effects of chronic disease.
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Introduction: Faced with the pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2, the Peruvian government implemented several measures such as the temporary closure of primary care facilities and the health system implemented various policies and strategies;one of them was to create and implement the Drug Delivery System for Chronic Patients (SIENMECRO) project. Background: To describe the creation and implementation process of SIENMECRO project. Methods: Qualitative case study that involved reviewing existing documentation such as texts and videos and conducting in-depth interviews with officials and collaborators involved since the preparation of SIENMECRO proposal. Results: SIENMECRO project emerges as a positive initiative with the aspiration of promoting an integrated health system that addresses the health reality from the social determinants of health, due to patients' difficulties to go to their controls and to receive their treatment. Although there was no comprehensive plan for the implementation and control of the project, it was essential to cover the need for health care for a vulnerable segment of the population, avoiding their transfer and preserving the health of the people most likely to suffer complications from COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: It is an initiative where the health system takes a more proactive role for the benefit of the population, implementing the use of technology of the information and communication in health care, articulating with the various providers and bringing services closer to the most vulnerable citizens.
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Purpose: The aim of this Real Estate Insight is to comment upon the impact of Covid on the shopping centre sector in the United States of America (USA) and lessons the USA can learn from Latin American shopping centres to survive and thrive. Design/methodology/approach: This Real Estate Insight will comment upon the real estate shopping centre sector. The nature of the "Insights” briefings mean that this is a personal view of the author based on her visit to over 70 shopping centres in Latin America, specifically Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Paraguay during her 2022 sabbatical. Findings: This paper looks at shopping centre industry in a transitional post-Covid 19 marketplace and concludes that the shopping centres in Latin American have taken many steps to integrate themselves into the fabric of the community. Practical implications: The lessons learnt by owners of shopping centres in Latin America may help other investors with their management strategies in other centres globally. Social implications: Shopping is all about behaviour and social interaction. Vibrant centres encourage the community to use the centre as a focal point. Originality/value: The value is to suggest strategies to help the shopping centre sector adapt, re-engineer change and thrive through challenging times. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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The objective was to determine the prevalence of household food insecurity (FI) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary analysis was performed using the waves 1 to 3 of the 2020 COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Surveys in 13 LAC countries. The countries with the highest FI in the first wave were Honduras (60.3%), Peru (58.1%) and Ecuador (57.9%). Likewise, the countries with the greatest differences in the prevalence of FI between the first and last waves in percentage points (PP) were Peru (-29), Guatemala (-27.7) and Bolivia (-21.8). LAC countries face a great burden of FI.Copyright © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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This research aimed to understand the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of workers of hotel housekeeping departments in the city of Joao Pessoa/PB. A quantitative analysis was carried out, to measure the information gathered from workers of three medium-sized hotels in the capital of the state of Paraiba, using a questionnaire to gather data, and descriptive analysis for the data analysis. It was found that the Covid-19 pandemic had caused impacts on the mental health of workers in this area, mainly in terms of financial worries;fear of losing their jobs;fear of contracting the disease while at work;and fear that if infected, they might pass it on to other members of the family. Added to this were physical fatigue, obsession with cleaning, and stress.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in consumer behavior and has created new opportunities and challenges for the provisioning of green products in emerging economies. The objective of this study was to identify how perceptions on COVID-19 affected the variables of planned behavior and responsible purchase intention during the pandemic in Colombia. A total of 320 consumers participated in an online survey, and the responses were analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM) and AMOS 24 statistical software. The results were positive regarding the development of better environmental awareness, indicating that COVID-19 (COV) influenced the attitude (ATT) of individuals and contributed to subjective norms (SNs) and perceived behavioral control (PBC), and that SNs and ATT influence eco-friendly purchase intention (EFPI). However, PBC does not contribute to EFPI. Colombian consumers have become aware of the importance to society of buying eco-friendly products, and planned behavior is an opportunity for organizations to formulate new portfolios relevant to the needs of the market. This is an important opportunity to sensitize consumers to the purchase of environmentally friendly products and for the identification of commercial strategies by companies that bet on the formulation and commercialization of eco-friendly portfolios that generate value for society.
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As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, several hospitals around the world reported the transmission of the disease in inpatient units not directed to the care of patients affected by the disease. The objective was to report the epidemiological investigation of two outbreaks of COVID-19 in an onset of a university hospital in the general fields. It took place between July and October/2021, the data were analyzed with the SIR model (susceptible-infected-recovered) to obtain the transmission rate (R). In the first outbreak (July-August), 49 people were investigated, 25/49 (51.0%) cases, 10/25 (40.0%) staff, 15/25 (60.0%) patients, 8/25 (33.3%) medical clinic, 16/25 (66.7%) surgical clinic and 21/25 (84.0%) symptomatic. Among the cases in patients, 11/15 (73.3%) had onset of symptoms after 7 days of hospitalization. The 5W2H matrix was used as an action plan. After the execution of the actions, there were active cases for 7-10 days. The duration was 35 days, the most critical moment occurred 17 days after the first patient presented symptoms, there were 15 patients active at the same time and the R was 2.92. In the second outbreak (SeptemberOctober), 127 people were investigated and there were 6/127, of these 2/6 (33.3%) staff, 4/6 (66.6%) patients, 4/6 (66.6%) medical clinic, 2/6 (33.3%) surgical clinic, 4/6 (66.6%) symptomatic. After the execution of the actions, there were active cases for 7-10 days and there were no new cases. The duration was 18 days, the most critical moment occurred after 7 days of the first patient presenting symptoms, there were 6 people active at the same time and the R was 1.35. The first experience was effective, however late in controlling the cases. The second experiment, using data from the first, was timely, the investigation was more robust and contained the outbreak quickly and efficiently.
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BackgroundMultisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is one of the most feared complications following SARS-CoV2 infection in children and adolescents. Few multinational multicenter studies from Latin America have been published.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of MIS-C in Latin America.MethodsObservational, prospective and retrospective, multicenter study to gather information from 84 participating centers across 16 Latin American countries, between August January 1, 2020 and June 30, 2022.ResultsOf the 1,239 reported cases of MIS-C, 84.2% were previously healthy. The most frequent clinical manifestation in our studied population was abdominal pain (N=804, 64.9%), followed by conjunctival injection (N=784, 63.3%). The median days of fever at the time of hospital admission was 5 and a significant number of subjects required admission to an intensive care unit (N=589, 47.8%). A total of 538 (47.2%) patients had an abnormal initial echocardiogram. Most of the subjects (N= 1,096, 88.7%) were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), while 76.7% (N= 947) were treated with steroids, of which 10.6% (N= 100) did not receive IVIG. The death rate attributed to MIS-C was 4.88%, with a rate of 3.39% for those initially diagnosed with MIS-C and 8.85% for those whose admission diagnosis was not MIS-C (P= 0.00001).ConclusionOne of the most significant findings from our study was the death rate, especially in those not initially diagnosed with MIS-C, in whom it was higher. This highlights the importance of increasing awareness and making an earlier diagnosis of MIS-C in Latin America.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.